Writing Java microservices with MicroProfile 1.3

The Config 1.2 component externalizes configuration from the application to improve portability of the application. A core principal is to be able to override configuration at deployment time using system properties and environment variables. Config 1.0 was the key component for the first Eclipse MicroProfile 1.1 release, and has had two iterations since.

The Config technology is also being proposed as the Configuration API 1.0 JSR through the JCP process.

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The Metrics 1.1 component provides common REST endpoints for monitoring a microservice’s telemetry data. Similar in nature to JMX but a much simpler API using JAX-RS. Both built-in and application-defined metrics are accessible, with the output in either Json or Prometheus text formats. Again, this is a popular feature with one update on the books and more to come. This API provides more extensive detail than the simple up/down reporting provided by the Health Check component.

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The Fault Tolerance component provides an API and annotations for building robust behavior to cope with unexpected failures in your microservice. Aspects of fault-tolerant execution include timeouts, retries, fallbacks, bulkhead processing, and circuit breakers. This is proving to be one of our most popular features of MicroProfile, and is frequently referenced in conference sessions.

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The Health Check component provides a common REST endpoint format to determine microservice availability. This is a simple check to determine if a microservice is alive or not. Contrast with Metrics, which provides much more detail on the running microservice.

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The JWT Propagation component provides for interoperable authentication and role-based access control in Java. This MicroProfile feature allows for an authenticated JWT token to be shared across multiple microservices—​even if these services are running on other vendors’ implementations. This was one of the first ideas proposed for MicroProfile and we delivered it as part of MicroProfile 1.2.

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The OpenAPI component provides a Java API for the OpenAPI v3 specification that you can use to expose their API documentation. You can natively produce OpenAPI v3 documents from their JAX-RS applications. FYI, the OpenAPI specification started off as the Swagger specification.

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The OpenTracing component allows services to easily participate in a distributed tracing environment. The specification defines behaviors and an API for accessing an OpenTracing-compliant Tracer object within your microservice. These trace logs can then be consumed by a third-party distributed tracing facility such as Zipkin or Jaeger.

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The Rest Client component provides a type-safe approach for invoking RESTful services over HTTP. This API greatly simplifies the client-side API as defined by JAX-RS. The underlying MicroProfile implementation also handles the communication between the client and service.

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These three Java EE technologies (JAX-RS, CDI, and JSON-P) provide the base for MicroProfile and were the designated content for MicroProfile 1.0.

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